Primarily, Misamis Oriental is part of Cebu. It was in 1818 when the province was divided into 4: Partido de Misamis, Partido de Dapitan, Partido de Cagayan and Partido de Catarman.

A simple life best describe the lifestyle of the Kagayanons. Majority of them are involved in farming and fishing. Their main crops include coconut, corn, coffee and bananas. A smaller version of the rice terraces can be found in the small town of Claveria, known to be the Salas Bowl of Northern Mindanao.

Cagayan de Oro is the center trade of Northern Mindanao, were many ethnic products are sold in the city. Muslim crafts like earring, bracelets, rings are sold in stalls located in the Cogon Market.

Misamis Oriental celebrates the feast of the city’s patron, Saint Augustine, every 28th of August. A carnival-like parade of colorful costumes, magnificent floats and a variety of sounds and colors highlighted the Kagayhaan Festival.

Cagayan de Oro, capital of Misamis, is a haven of ecotourist attractions: Acuna Beach, Bulakena Beach, Baloy Beach, Bonbon Beach, White Beach, Raagas, Chali Beach, Golden Friendship Park, Gaston, McArthur Park, and Dauw Cagayan Park.

A Canopy Walk has been built in a lush virgin rainforest in Claveria, enabling tourist to commune with nature and enjoy the fascinating birdlife and butterflies. Sagpulon Springs and San Isidro are an excursioner’s delight. One of the many fine dive spots The Sapong Cold Spring and Agutayan Reef are just a few diving spots within the area. Whale watching can also be done in the surrounding waters of the province.

Philippine Airlines has a daily flight going to Cagayan de Oro City. If you want to travel by land, a bus from Philtranco travels from Manila to Misamis Oriental.

Initao Cave Unusual species of bats with cauliflower-like noses can be found in this cave. This is the only region in the country where you can find these animals and perhaps unique in the whole world, are found here.

Shell Museum – This is the best place for shell lovers and those who appreciate the sea. The museum is located at A. Velez St., City Library Building.

Macahambus Cave This is one of the tunnels leading to a point overlooking Cagayan River. About 30-50 meters further is a 130 ft. gorge. It is actually a "miniparadise" of ferns, wild trees and gigantic rocks.

Libon - Lawit Waterfalls This tourist spot has 3 waterfalls connected by the same stream, intervals at 100 and 80 meters. Truly one of nature’s wonders.

Getting to Cagayan de Oro

Cagayan de Oro is considered as the gateway to Northern Mindanao. With its strategic location, it can easily be reached by any mode of transportation (be it by air, by water, or by land).

Cagayan de Oro is just 810 air kilometers away from Manila (Capital of the Philippines). By plane it is just one hour and twenty minutes away (1:20mins), approximately 30 hours by ship, and 40 hours by bus (travel through ferry boats).

Cagayan de Oro is just a 30-minute plane ride from Cebu; a 9-hour ride by ship.

Please contact your local travel agent for the fees, frequency, and schedule of these modes of transportation.

Getting around Cagayan de Oro

Arriving at the Cagayan de Oro Airport (Lumbia), you can spot numerous air conditioned taxicabs in queue. Taxis have open routes and can pretty much get you anywhere in the city and beyond. Flag down rates for taxis apply around the city. However, taxicabs that have lined up in the airport generally ask for Php 200.00-250.00 (around US$ 5.00) to get you to the heart of the city (downtown) or to the nearest hotel accommodation. If you are planning to go out of town (and you have not booked any car rental service), just talk and negotiate with the cab driver of your choice and he’ll gladly take you to your destination.

In the city proper, there are several modes of transportation. The most popular means of traveling from one spot to another are the jeepneys (which come in flashing colors equipped with sounds). Jeepneys have been the staple ride of the Filipinos since the early 20^th century. Fares of the jeepney rides range from Php 6.50 to Php 20.00, depending on the distance between your starting place and destination.

However, aside from the national highways, Cagayan de Oro also has little streets that are already out of the normal route of jeepneys. This is where the tricycles come in. These are motorcycles that have been transformed into another lucrative mode of transportation by being put on with uniquely designed bodies in order to accommodate more passengers. FYI, each province in the Philippines has their own unique form of tricycles. So if you’re a curious traveler who wants to experience being a “local” for a while (and you don’t mind giving up the luxury of air conditioned taxis), then riding a tricycle may just be a good idea.

Cagayan de Oro is connected by two separate bridges. Marcos Bridge links the Kauswagan highway and CM Recto Avenue. The bridge serves a vital role for the continuity of the National Highway. On the other hand, Ysalina Bridge joins Carmen and Divisoria. Traffic can really build up in these areas during rush hours. And for the alternative commuters, they have the choice to take the River Taxi ride to get them across the other side.

Buses have no internal routes for the city itself. Nonetheless, buses are commonly used in going out of town, and the starting point of these vehicles are conveniently located at the Agora Bus Terminal and Westbound (Bulua) Bus terminal.

Car rental service is widely available in the city. You’ll have a wide range of cars to choose from (economy cars, premium cars, compact cars, luxury cars, minivans, SUV’s and a whole more). Contact your local travel agent to book ahead or you can always make reservations in the internet.

Primarily, Misamis Oriental is part of Cebu. It was in 1818 when the province was divided into 4: Partido de Misamis, Partido de Dapitan, Partido de Cagayan and Partido de Catarman.

A simple life best describe the lifestyle of the Kagayanons. Majority of them are involved in farming and fishing. Their main crops include coconut, corn, coffee and bananas. A smaller version of the rice terraces can be found in the small town of Claveria, known to be the Salas Bowl of Northern Mindanao.

Cagayan de Oro is the center trade of Northern Mindanao, were many ethnic products are sold in the city. Muslim crafts like earring, bracelets, rings are sold in stalls located in the Cogon Market.

Misamis Oriental celebrates the feast of the city’s patron, Saint Augustine, every 28th of August. A carnival-like parade of colorful costumes, magnificent floats and a variety of sounds and colors highlighted the Kagayhaan Festival.

Cagayan de Oro, capital of Misamis, is a haven of ecotourist attractions: Acuna Beach, Bulakena Beach, Baloy Beach, Bonbon Beach, White Beach, Raagas, Chali Beach, Golden Friendship Park, Gaston, McArthur Park, and Dauw Cagayan Park.

A Canopy Walk has been built in a lush virgin rainforest in Claveria, enabling tourist to commune with nature and enjoy the fascinating birdlife and butterflies. Sagpulon Springs and San Isidro are an excursioner’s delight. One of the many fine dive spots The Sapong Cold Spring and Agutayan Reef are just a few diving spots within the area. Whale watching can also be done in the surrounding waters of the province.

Philippine Airlines has a daily flight going to Cagayan de Oro City. If you want to travel by land, a bus from Philtranco travels from Manila to Misamis Oriental.

Initao Cave Unusual species of bats with cauliflower-like noses can be found in this cave. This is the only region in the country where you can find these animals and perhaps unique in the whole world, are found here.

Shell Museum – This is the best place for shell lovers and those who appreciate the sea. The museum is located at A. Velez St., City Library Building.

Macahambus Cave This is one of the tunnels leading to a point overlooking Cagayan River. About 30-50 meters further is a 130 ft. gorge. It is actually a "miniparadise" of ferns, wild trees and gigantic rocks.

Libon - Lawit Waterfalls This tourist spot has 3 waterfalls connected by the same stream, intervals at 100 and 80 meters. Truly one of nature’s wonders.

Getting to Cagayan de Oro

Cagayan de Oro is considered as the gateway to Northern Mindanao. With its strategic location, it can easily be reached by any mode of transportation (be it by air, by water, or by land).

Cagayan de Oro is just 810 air kilometers away from Manila (Capital of the Philippines). By plane it is just one hour and twenty minutes away (1:20mins), approximately 30 hours by ship, and 40 hours by bus (travel through ferry boats).

Cagayan de Oro is just a 30-minute plane ride from Cebu; a 9-hour ride by ship.

Please contact your local travel agent for the fees, frequency, and schedule of these modes of transportation.

Getting around Cagayan de Oro

Arriving at the Cagayan de Oro Airport (Lumbia), you can spot numerous air conditioned taxicabs in queue. Taxis have open routes and can pretty much get you anywhere in the city and beyond. Flag down rates for taxis apply around the city. However, taxicabs that have lined up in the airport generally ask for Php 200.00-250.00 (around US$ 5.00) to get you to the heart of the city (downtown) or to the nearest hotel accommodation. If you are planning to go out of town (and you have not booked any car rental service), just talk and negotiate with the cab driver of your choice and he’ll gladly take you to your destination.

In the city proper, there are several modes of transportation. The most popular means of traveling from one spot to another are the jeepneys (which come in flashing colors equipped with sounds). Jeepneys have been the staple ride of the Filipinos since the early 20^th century. Fares of the jeepney rides range from Php 6.50 to Php 20.00, depending on the distance between your starting place and destination.

However, aside from the national highways, Cagayan de Oro also has little streets that are already out of the normal route of jeepneys. This is where the tricycles come in. These are motorcycles that have been transformed into another lucrative mode of transportation by being put on with uniquely designed bodies in order to accommodate more passengers. FYI, each province in the Philippines has their own unique form of tricycles. So if you’re a curious traveler who wants to experience being a “local” for a while (and you don’t mind giving up the luxury of air conditioned taxis), then riding a tricycle may just be a good idea.

Cagayan de Oro is connected by two separate bridges. Marcos Bridge links the Kauswagan highway and CM Recto Avenue. The bridge serves a vital role for the continuity of the National Highway. On the other hand, Ysalina Bridge joins Carmen and Divisoria. Traffic can really build up in these areas during rush hours. And for the alternative commuters, they have the choice to take the River Taxi ride to get them across the other side.

Buses have no internal routes for the city itself. Nonetheless, buses are commonly used in going out of town, and the starting point of these vehicles are conveniently located at the Agora Bus Terminal and Westbound (Bulua) Bus terminal.

Car rental service is widely available in the city. You’ll have a wide range of cars to choose from (economy cars, premium cars, compact cars, luxury cars, minivans, SUV’s and a whole more). Contact your local travel agent to book ahead or you can always make reservations in the internet.

Primarily, Misamis Oriental is part of Cebu. It was in 1818 when the province was divided into 4: Partido de Misamis, Partido de Dapitan, Partido de Cagayan and Partido de Catarman.

A simple life best describe the lifestyle of the Kagayanons. Majority of them are involved in farming and fishing. Their main crops include coconut, corn, coffee and bananas. A smaller version of the rice terraces can be found in the small town of Claveria, known to be the Salas Bowl of Northern Mindanao.

Cagayan de Oro is the center trade of Northern Mindanao, were many ethnic products are sold in the city. Muslim crafts like earring, bracelets, rings are sold in stalls located in the Cogon Market.

Misamis Oriental celebrates the feast of the city’s patron, Saint Augustine, every 28th of August. A carnival-like parade of colorful costumes, magnificent floats and a variety of sounds and colors highlighted the Kagayhaan Festival.

Cagayan de Oro, capital of Misamis, is a haven of ecotourist attractions: Acuna Beach, Bulakena Beach, Baloy Beach, Bonbon Beach, White Beach, Raagas, Chali Beach, Golden Friendship Park, Gaston, McArthur Park, and Dauw Cagayan Park.

A Canopy Walk has been built in a lush virgin rainforest in Claveria, enabling tourist to commune with nature and enjoy the fascinating birdlife and butterflies. Sagpulon Springs and San Isidro are an excursioner’s delight. One of the many fine dive spots The Sapong Cold Spring and Agutayan Reef are just a few diving spots within the area. Whale watching can also be done in the surrounding waters of the province.

Philippine Airlines has a daily flight going to Cagayan de Oro City. If you want to travel by land, a bus from Philtranco travels from Manila to Misamis Oriental.

Initao Cave Unusual species of bats with cauliflower-like noses can be found in this cave. This is the only region in the country where you can find these animals and perhaps unique in the whole world, are found here.

Shell Museum – This is the best place for shell lovers and those who appreciate the sea. The museum is located at A. Velez St., City Library Building.

Macahambus Cave This is one of the tunnels leading to a point overlooking Cagayan River. About 30-50 meters further is a 130 ft. gorge. It is actually a "miniparadise" of ferns, wild trees and gigantic rocks.

Libon - Lawit Waterfalls This tourist spot has 3 waterfalls connected by the same stream, intervals at 100 and 80 meters. Truly one of nature’s wonders.

Getting to Cagayan de Oro

Cagayan de Oro is considered as the gateway to Northern Mindanao. With its strategic location, it can easily be reached by any mode of transportation (be it by air, by water, or by land).

Cagayan de Oro is just 810 air kilometers away from Manila (Capital of the Philippines). By plane it is just one hour and twenty minutes away (1:20mins), approximately 30 hours by ship, and 40 hours by bus (travel through ferry boats).

Cagayan de Oro is just a 30-minute plane ride from Cebu; a 9-hour ride by ship.

Please contact your local travel agent for the fees, frequency, and schedule of these modes of transportation.

Getting around Cagayan de Oro

Arriving at the Cagayan de Oro Airport (Lumbia), you can spot numerous air conditioned taxicabs in queue. Taxis have open routes and can pretty much get you anywhere in the city and beyond. Flag down rates for taxis apply around the city. However, taxicabs that have lined up in the airport generally ask for Php 200.00-250.00 (around US$ 5.00) to get you to the heart of the city (downtown) or to the nearest hotel accommodation. If you are planning to go out of town (and you have not booked any car rental service), just talk and negotiate with the cab driver of your choice and he’ll gladly take you to your destination.

In the city proper, there are several modes of transportation. The most popular means of traveling from one spot to another are the jeepneys (which come in flashing colors equipped with sounds). Jeepneys have been the staple ride of the Filipinos since the early 20^th century. Fares of the jeepney rides range from Php 6.50 to Php 20.00, depending on the distance between your starting place and destination.

However, aside from the national highways, Cagayan de Oro also has little streets that are already out of the normal route of jeepneys. This is where the tricycles come in. These are motorcycles that have been transformed into another lucrative mode of transportation by being put on with uniquely designed bodies in order to accommodate more passengers. FYI, each province in the Philippines has their own unique form of tricycles. So if you’re a curious traveler who wants to experience being a “local” for a while (and you don’t mind giving up the luxury of air conditioned taxis), then riding a tricycle may just be a good idea.

Cagayan de Oro is connected by two separate bridges. Marcos Bridge links the Kauswagan highway and CM Recto Avenue. The bridge serves a vital role for the continuity of the National Highway. On the other hand, Ysalina Bridge joins Carmen and Divisoria. Traffic can really build up in these areas during rush hours. And for the alternative commuters, they have the choice to take the River Taxi ride to get them across the other side.

Buses have no internal routes for the city itself. Nonetheless, buses are commonly used in going out of town, and the starting point of these vehicles are conveniently located at the Agora Bus Terminal and Westbound (Bulua) Bus terminal.

Car rental service is widely available in the city. You’ll have a wide range of cars to choose from (economy cars, premium cars, compact cars, luxury cars, minivans, SUV’s and a whole more). Contact your local travel agent to book ahead or you can always make reservations in the internet.

Primarily, Misamis Oriental is part of Cebu. It was in 1818 when the province was divided into 4: Partido de Misamis, Partido de Dapitan, Partido de Cagayan and Partido de Catarman.

A simple life best describe the lifestyle of the Kagayanons. Majority of them are involved in farming and fishing. Their main crops include coconut, corn, coffee and bananas. A smaller version of the rice terraces can be found in the small town of Claveria, known to be the Salas Bowl of Northern Mindanao.

Cagayan de Oro is the center trade of Northern Mindanao, were many ethnic products are sold in the city. Muslim crafts like earring, bracelets, rings are sold in stalls located in the Cogon Market.

Misamis Oriental celebrates the feast of the city’s patron, Saint Augustine, every 28th of August. A carnival-like parade of colorful costumes, magnificent floats and a variety of sounds and colors highlighted the Kagayhaan Festival.

Cagayan de Oro, capital of Misamis, is a haven of ecotourist attractions: Acuna Beach, Bulakena Beach, Baloy Beach, Bonbon Beach, White Beach, Raagas, Chali Beach, Golden Friendship Park, Gaston, McArthur Park, and Dauw Cagayan Park.

A Canopy Walk has been built in a lush virgin rainforest in Claveria, enabling tourist to commune with nature and enjoy the fascinating birdlife and butterflies. Sagpulon Springs and San Isidro are an excursioner’s delight. One of the many fine dive spots The Sapong Cold Spring and Agutayan Reef are just a few diving spots within the area. Whale watching can also be done in the surrounding waters of the province.

Philippine Airlines has a daily flight going to Cagayan de Oro City. If you want to travel by land, a bus from Philtranco travels from Manila to Misamis Oriental.

Initao Cave Unusual species of bats with cauliflower-like noses can be found in this cave. This is the only region in the country where you can find these animals and perhaps unique in the whole world, are found here.

Shell Museum – This is the best place for shell lovers and those who appreciate the sea. The museum is located at A. Velez St., City Library Building.

Macahambus Cave This is one of the tunnels leading to a point overlooking Cagayan River. About 30-50 meters further is a 130 ft. gorge. It is actually a "miniparadise" of ferns, wild trees and gigantic rocks.

Libon - Lawit Waterfalls This tourist spot has 3 waterfalls connected by the same stream, intervals at 100 and 80 meters. Truly one of nature’s wonders.

Getting to Cagayan de Oro

Cagayan de Oro is considered as the gateway to Northern Mindanao. With its strategic location, it can easily be reached by any mode of transportation (be it by air, by water, or by land).

Cagayan de Oro is just 810 air kilometers away from Manila (Capital of the Philippines). By plane it is just one hour and twenty minutes away (1:20mins), approximately 30 hours by ship, and 40 hours by bus (travel through ferry boats).

Cagayan de Oro is just a 30-minute plane ride from Cebu; a 9-hour ride by ship.

Please contact your local travel agent for the fees, frequency, and schedule of these modes of transportation.

Getting around Cagayan de Oro

Arriving at the Cagayan de Oro Airport (Lumbia), you can spot numerous air conditioned taxicabs in queue. Taxis have open routes and can pretty much get you anywhere in the city and beyond. Flag down rates for taxis apply around the city. However, taxicabs that have lined up in the airport generally ask for Php 200.00-250.00 (around US$ 5.00) to get you to the heart of the city (downtown) or to the nearest hotel accommodation. If you are planning to go out of town (and you have not booked any car rental service), just talk and negotiate with the cab driver of your choice and he’ll gladly take you to your destination.

In the city proper, there are several modes of transportation. The most popular means of traveling from one spot to another are the jeepneys (which come in flashing colors equipped with sounds). Jeepneys have been the staple ride of the Filipinos since the early 20^th century. Fares of the jeepney rides range from Php 6.50 to Php 20.00, depending on the distance between your starting place and destination.

However, aside from the national highways, Cagayan de Oro also has little streets that are already out of the normal route of jeepneys. This is where the tricycles come in. These are motorcycles that have been transformed into another lucrative mode of transportation by being put on with uniquely designed bodies in order to accommodate more passengers. FYI, each province in the Philippines has their own unique form of tricycles. So if you’re a curious traveler who wants to experience being a “local” for a while (and you don’t mind giving up the luxury of air conditioned taxis), then riding a tricycle may just be a good idea.

Cagayan de Oro is connected by two separate bridges. Marcos Bridge links the Kauswagan highway and CM Recto Avenue. The bridge serves a vital role for the continuity of the National Highway. On the other hand, Ysalina Bridge joins Carmen and Divisoria. Traffic can really build up in these areas during rush hours. And for the alternative commuters, they have the choice to take the River Taxi ride to get them across the other side.

Buses have no internal routes for the city itself. Nonetheless, buses are commonly used in going out of town, and the starting point of these vehicles are conveniently located at the Agora Bus Terminal and Westbound (Bulua) Bus terminal.

Car rental service is widely available in the city. You’ll have a wide range of cars to choose from (economy cars, premium cars, compact cars, luxury cars, minivans, SUV’s and a whole more). Contact your local travel agent to book ahead or you can always make reservations in the internet.

Primarily, Misamis Oriental is part of Cebu. It was in 1818 when the province was divided into 4: Partido de Misamis, Partido de Dapitan, Partido de Cagayan and Partido de Catarman.

A simple life best describe the lifestyle of the Kagayanons. Majority of them are involved in farming and fishing. Their main crops include coconut, corn, coffee and bananas. A smaller version of the rice terraces can be found in the small town of Claveria, known to be the Salas Bowl of Northern Mindanao.

Cagayan de Oro is the center trade of Northern Mindanao, were many ethnic products are sold in the city. Muslim crafts like earring, bracelets, rings are sold in stalls located in the Cogon Market.

Misamis Oriental celebrates the feast of the city’s patron, Saint Augustine, every 28th of August. A carnival-like parade of colorful costumes, magnificent floats and a variety of sounds and colors highlighted the Kagayhaan Festival.

Cagayan de Oro, capital of Misamis, is a haven of ecotourist attractions: Acuna Beach, Bulakena Beach, Baloy Beach, Bonbon Beach, White Beach, Raagas, Chali Beach, Golden Friendship Park, Gaston, McArthur Park, and Dauw Cagayan Park.

A Canopy Walk has been built in a lush virgin rainforest in Claveria, enabling tourist to commune with nature and enjoy the fascinating birdlife and butterflies. Sagpulon Springs and San Isidro are an excursioner’s delight. One of the many fine dive spots The Sapong Cold Spring and Agutayan Reef are just a few diving spots within the area. Whale watching can also be done in the surrounding waters of the province.

Philippine Airlines has a daily flight going to Cagayan de Oro City. If you want to travel by land, a bus from Philtranco travels from Manila to Misamis Oriental.

Initao Cave Unusual species of bats with cauliflower-like noses can be found in this cave. This is the only region in the country where you can find these animals and perhaps unique in the whole world, are found here.

Shell Museum – This is the best place for shell lovers and those who appreciate the sea. The museum is located at A. Velez St., City Library Building.

Macahambus Cave This is one of the tunnels leading to a point overlooking Cagayan River. About 30-50 meters further is a 130 ft. gorge. It is actually a "miniparadise" of ferns, wild trees and gigantic rocks.

Libon - Lawit Waterfalls This tourist spot has 3 waterfalls connected by the same stream, intervals at 100 and 80 meters. Truly one of nature’s wonders.

Getting to Cagayan de Oro

Cagayan de Oro is considered as the gateway to Northern Mindanao. With its strategic location, it can easily be reached by any mode of transportation (be it by air, by water, or by land).

Cagayan de Oro is just 810 air kilometers away from Manila (Capital of the Philippines). By plane it is just one hour and twenty minutes away (1:20mins), approximately 30 hours by ship, and 40 hours by bus (travel through ferry boats).

Cagayan de Oro is just a 30-minute plane ride from Cebu; a 9-hour ride by ship.

Please contact your local travel agent for the fees, frequency, and schedule of these modes of transportation.

Getting around Cagayan de Oro

Arriving at the Cagayan de Oro Airport (Lumbia), you can spot numerous air conditioned taxicabs in queue. Taxis have open routes and can pretty much get you anywhere in the city and beyond. Flag down rates for taxis apply around the city. However, taxicabs that have lined up in the airport generally ask for Php 200.00-250.00 (around US$ 5.00) to get you to the heart of the city (downtown) or to the nearest hotel accommodation. If you are planning to go out of town (and you have not booked any car rental service), just talk and negotiate with the cab driver of your choice and he’ll gladly take you to your destination.

In the city proper, there are several modes of transportation. The most popular means of traveling from one spot to another are the jeepneys (which come in flashing colors equipped with sounds). Jeepneys have been the staple ride of the Filipinos since the early 20^th century. Fares of the jeepney rides range from Php 6.50 to Php 20.00, depending on the distance between your starting place and destination.

However, aside from the national highways, Cagayan de Oro also has little streets that are already out of the normal route of jeepneys. This is where the tricycles come in. These are motorcycles that have been transformed into another lucrative mode of transportation by being put on with uniquely designed bodies in order to accommodate more passengers. FYI, each province in the Philippines has their own unique form of tricycles. So if you’re a curious traveler who wants to experience being a “local” for a while (and you don’t mind giving up the luxury of air conditioned taxis), then riding a tricycle may just be a good idea.

Cagayan de Oro is connected by two separate bridges. Marcos Bridge links the Kauswagan highway and CM Recto Avenue. The bridge serves a vital role for the continuity of the National Highway. On the other hand, Ysalina Bridge joins Carmen and Divisoria. Traffic can really build up in these areas during rush hours. And for the alternative commuters, they have the choice to take the River Taxi ride to get them across the other side.

Buses have no internal routes for the city itself. Nonetheless, buses are commonly used in going out of town, and the starting point of these vehicles are conveniently located at the Agora Bus Terminal and Westbound (Bulua) Bus terminal.

Car rental service is widely available in the city. You’ll have a wide range of cars to choose from (economy cars, premium cars, compact cars, luxury cars, minivans, SUV’s and a whole more). Contact your local travel agent to book ahead or you can always make reservations in the internet.

A coralline island, of rugged shorelines, hidden coves and white sand beaches, Bohol sits south of Cebu, north of Camiguin Island and east of Zamboanga del Norte. The roughly oval island is 3865 square kilometers. A central plateau, averaging 500 meters in height, is hemmed by parallel ridges that run east to west. The province itself (also named Bohol) comprises neighboring islands and islets, the biggest are Panglao, Lapinig, Mahanay, Jaguilao, Pangangan, and Cabilao. Balicasag near Panglao is noted as a diving site. With the neighboring islands Bohol province has a total land area of 4117 square kilometers.

Limestone outcrops or karst characterize the main land, evidence that much of the island was once underwater. A curious geological formation in the inland towns of Sevilla, Carmen and Sierra Bullones bolsters this conclusion. Called Chocolate Hills, some 2000 grass covered limestone mounds which turn chocolate brown during summer are the result of the erosion of ancient coral beds, so goes one theory of their origins. Bohol’s limestone substrate makes it inhospitable to large scale agriculture. However, that same limestone is a perfect medium for the hardwood tree, molave (Vitex parviflora) called in the local vernacular, tugas. The karst outcrops yields a workable building stone and lime needed for mortar.

Because of its strategic position, Bohol was a way station to Mindanao for travelers from the north. Traditionally, Boholanos are fishers and traders who market finely crafted products like baskets, mats, and the Spartan Bohol furniture made from hardwood.

Archaeological discoveries near Tagbilaran City and the Anda peninsula indicate a high level of sophistication and an active trade with South Asia even before colonial times. In a cave in Anda were found large quantities of wild boar jaw bones, neatly arranged. The site suggested some arcane religious ritual whose significance can no longer be understood. Other archaeological sites have yielded T’ang, Sung and Ming dynasty porcelain and trade ware. Ancient boat-shaped coffins have been found wedged on cliff sides. These have been dated to a least 500 years. All told the archaeological finds relate Bohol to the rest of the Visayas and Mindanao where similar artifacts have been found.

The first time Bohol appears in the colonial record is in 1521. It is recorded that the survivors of Magellan’s expedition scuttled their damaged ships off the coast of Bohol. Then, they boarded one single ship to make their way back to Spain, thereby successfully circumnavigating the globe. In 1563, Bohol is mentioned again. During this year, Portuguese with their allies from Ternate in the Moluccas went to Bohol in the guise of trade. They came upon a village built over the shallows between Tagbilaran City and Panglao Island, what is called today Dauis Strait. This village on stilts was a thriving community, until that year when the unwary inhabitants were attacked by the Portuguese and Ternateños. Many were killed, many more were captured as slaves. Some survivors fled in the direction of Zamboanga and settled in a town, called Dapitan and never returned. Others managed to flee to other places in Bohol.

By the time Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived with his colonizing band in 1565, the inhabitants had grown wary of the fair skinned foreigners. Legazpi had to negotiate with the local leader Sikatuna (si Katunao) for peace, sealing the negotiations with a blood compact.

The Augustinians were the first missionary group to arrive at Bohol. They came with Legazpi but did not stay long enough to establish mission stations or convents. Evangelization of Bohol is attributed to the Jesuits. In November 1596, Juan de Torres and Gabriel Sanchez arrived to begin their preaching. The Boholanos’ initial reception of the missionaries was cold. The presence of Spanish tax collectors had made them suspicious. The Jesuits had to muster their skills at persuasion, even using dramatic and rhetorical devices to state their intention. Gabriel Sanchez threw a handful of gold dust to the ground and stepped on it while proclaiming to the inhabitants of Talibon, a gold producing town, that he had no intention of parting the Boholanos from their treasure. The Jesuits established many of the pueblos of Bohol by uniting scattered settlements into centralized villages. Loboc was organized from a dozen scattered settlements by Frs. Torres and Sanchez. Talibon was gold producing settlement where a Spanish gold prospector has preceded the Jesuits and had built a small chapel. Dauis, Panglao, Tagbilaran, Baclayon, and Maribojoc were established by the Jesuits. The Recollect who took charge of Bohol after the Jesuits’ expulsion in 1768 established other towns and parishes like Guidulman, Loon, and Jagna. Many of the Jesuit visitas or mission stations were raised to the status of parish under the Recollects.

Only a handful of Jesuits were assigned to Bohol (about three or four) throughout most of the 17^th century. Hence, their influence was limited to coastal areas and to the inland town of Loboc where they established the headquarters or residentia of their missions. Spanish presence was thus tenuous, explaining in part the intense sense of independence of the Boholanos. In 1621, while the Jesuits were in Cebu celebrating the canonization of St. Ignatius, a revolt erupted in Bohol. A native shaman, named Tamblot, claimed that the ancestral spirits were displeased with the defection of the Boholanos but promised a life free from tribute and the exaction of living under colonial masters, a life abundant and prosperous. Called the "Babaylan Revolt" waves of dissent rumbled across the Visayas; islands like Leyte were soon up in arms against the Spain and the missionaries. The revolt was eventually quelled.

In the next century another revolt erupted in Bohol. Because his kin was not allowed Christian burial, Dagohoy led a revolt against the Spaniards to redress this unfair treatment. His followers carried the revolt into the 19^th century, earning for the Dagohoy Revolt the distinction of being the longest in the Philippine history, 1744-1829. Dagohoy had established a seat for his government at Danao, a site between Inabangan and Talibon, on Bohol’s northern coast.

The Jesuits built a number of churches in Bohol but only two remain, Baclayon and Loboc plus possibly the ruins at Panglao. The Jesuit fortified these churches as a protection against slave raiders. The Recollects built most of the churches of Bohol. A characteristic of these 19^th century churches is an arcaded portico built as the façade of the church. Recollects are also credited with building moradas. These are one story structures, usually octagonal or quadrilateral, built separately from the church and convento. The precise function of these structures in uncertain. Oral lore claims that they were used for wakes, others as temporary dwellings for the parishioners who lived far from the town center or población and had some business to transact in the parish church.

By the 19^th century, Bohol experienced an economic upturn. During this time large churches were built, and pipe organs were installed in others. Large hand written cantorales (song books) were acquired for the churches. Church music was fostered resulting in such works as the Misa Baclayana.

Bohol was known for its weaving. In colonial times a type of canvas or twill was hand-woven in Bohol. Called lampot, this cloth was accepted as tribute. The cloth was then sewn into sails for the galleons. Bohol also produced coarse abaca cloth called locally, saguran (sinamay in Tagalog). Saguran was used as backing for embroidery and stiffener for collars. Saguran was also used like wall paper to line ceilings.

Bohol had its share in the fight for independence from Spain and the subsequent Philippine-American war. The martyrs of Jagna, under Capt. Gregorio Caseñas (Capitán Goyo) perished on Easter Sunday 1901 when American soldiers attacked Capitán Goyo and his men, and then proceeded to burn Jagna, sparing only the church complex and a handful of houses.

The province can be accessed from Manila via two routes, the Canili-Pantabangan road and the Baler-Bongabon Road. The former leads into the town of Maria Aurora. Some portions of the road are very steep. The latter route leads to the town of San Luis and ends in Baler. This route is more commonly used. The use of public transportation is recommended for traveling to Baler. Driving a personal vehicle to Baler may be difficult, given the long drive through rough, narrow and zigzagging mountain roads. Through the joint efforts of Senator Edgardo Angara and Governor Bella Angara-Castillo, the Baler-Bongaban Road has been largely paved with cement. This cuts travel time by almost two hours, making it a more comfortable trip for private vehicle travelers. Sport utility vehicles are highly recommended.From time to time, the Baler-Bongabon road is inaccessible due to landslides and typhoons.Travelers are advised to contact locals, local government offices or public transportation companies which have routes to/from Aurora for information on which route is ideal to use at any given time.

Land Transportation

Manila to Baler
From Manila, enter the North Expressway at Balintawak and exit at Sta. Rita Bulacan. From there, follow the highway leading to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. It is advisable to stop for a snack here in preparation for a rough journey. From Cabanatuan City Proper, follow signs leading to Bongabon until you come to a fork, where you see a sign "to Baler" headed right. Turn right and you will reach the foot of the Baler-Bongabon highway which eventually runs right into Aurora National Memorial Park. Beware of wild zigzagging roads, fast trucks and landslides during rainy season. Use this opportunity to view the lush virgin forests of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range. After approximately 150 kilometers, you will see the Aurora Welcome Arch. Proceed until you reach the town of San Luis. Stay on the highway until you see the sign going to Baler, and you will be in its town proper within minutes.

Genesis Transport Bus provides the only direct route to Baler from Metro Manila. One way fare costs PhP341. Its terminal is located along EDSA in Pasay City. You may call +63 (2) 551-0842 or +63 (2) 853-3115 for inquiries.

There are Pantranco North buses that go on daily trips from Manila to Cabanatuan, and sometimes also goes through to Baler. Take a bus marked Aparri, Ilagan, San Jose or Tuguegarao. The trip takes about two and a half hours. Travelers from the north will have to change buses at Cabanatuan.

Alternatively, take a Baliwag Transit bus from the terminal at Cubao, Quezon City, which goes to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija. From there, go to the Sierra Madre Transit or Pantranco terminals and take a bus heading for Baler. The last bus leaves at 3:00 p.m. Jeepney rides are also available. On the return trip, take the Genesis Sierra Madre and Pantranco buses from Baler Poblacion.

Manila to Dingalan
Take a bus from Manila to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija. Once there, find the terminal for the Dingalan-bound buses and take a Danilo Express bus bound for Dingalan. A jeepney is also an option. On the return trip to Manila, take the Danilo Express. There are only two bus trips to and from Dingalan in a day, once in the morning and once in the afternoon.

Sea Transportation

To get around Aurora by sea, passenger boats depart from Duungan, located in a river leading to Baler Bay and Baler Poblacion. The boats are docked along the banks, just adjacent to a bridge connecting the Poblacion and Barangay Sabang. Trips to Dipaculao, Dinalungan, Casiguran and Dilasag are available.

Trips to the south of Baler are possible only by renting bancas. Such boat rides are only available when the seas are fairly calm, to avoid endangering travelers.

No commercial passenger boats are available in Dingalan. Renting a boat is necessary to reach other coastal areas.

Air Transportation

SEAIR has 8:00 AM flights from Manila to Baler every Friday and Monday. SEAIR then flies back from Baler to Manila at 9:30 AM.

SEAir planes will actually land on an airfield in San Luis, which is currently maintained and manned by the Philippine Army. It can accommodate light chartered aircraft such as Cessnas, Fokkers, Islanders, Sunrisers and other light planes and helicopters. A flight from Manila takes about 45 minutes. The airfield is only about 20 minutes away by land to Baler.

Another private airstrip is located in Motyong, Casiguran. This is currently used by logging concessionaires.

 

The province can be accessed from Manila via two routes, the Canili-Pantabangan road and the Baler-Bongabon Road. The former leads into the town of Maria Aurora. Some portions of the road are very steep. The latter route leads to the town of San Luis and ends in Baler. This route is more commonly used. The use of public transportation is recommended for traveling to Baler. Driving a personal vehicle to Baler may be difficult, given the long drive through rough, narrow and zigzagging mountain roads. Through the joint efforts of Senator Edgardo Angara and Governor Bella Angara-Castillo, the Baler-Bongaban Road has been largely paved with cement. This cuts travel time by almost two hours, making it a more comfortable trip for private vehicle travelers. Sport utility vehicles are highly recommended.From time to time, the Baler-Bongabon road is inaccessible due to landslides and typhoons.Travelers are advised to contact locals, local government offices or public transportation companies which have routes to/from Aurora for information on which route is ideal to use at any given time.

Land Transportation

Manila to Baler
From Manila, enter the North Expressway at Balintawak and exit at Sta. Rita Bulacan. From there, follow the highway leading to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. It is advisable to stop for a snack here in preparation for a rough journey. From Cabanatuan City Proper, follow signs leading to Bongabon until you come to a fork, where you see a sign "to Baler" headed right. Turn right and you will reach the foot of the Baler-Bongabon highway which eventually runs right into Aurora National Memorial Park. Beware of wild zigzagging roads, fast trucks and landslides during rainy season. Use this opportunity to view the lush virgin forests of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range. After approximately 150 kilometers, you will see the Aurora Welcome Arch. Proceed until you reach the town of San Luis. Stay on the highway until you see the sign going to Baler, and you will be in its town proper within minutes.

Genesis Transport Bus provides the only direct route to Baler from Metro Manila. One way fare costs PhP341. Its terminal is located along EDSA in Pasay City. You may call +63 (2) 551-0842 or +63 (2) 853-3115 for inquiries.

There are Pantranco North buses that go on daily trips from Manila to Cabanatuan, and sometimes also goes through to Baler. Take a bus marked Aparri, Ilagan, San Jose or Tuguegarao. The trip takes about two and a half hours. Travelers from the north will have to change buses at Cabanatuan.

Alternatively, take a Baliwag Transit bus from the terminal at Cubao, Quezon City, which goes to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija. From there, go to the Sierra Madre Transit or Pantranco terminals and take a bus heading for Baler. The last bus leaves at 3:00 p.m. Jeepney rides are also available. On the return trip, take the Genesis Sierra Madre and Pantranco buses from Baler Poblacion.

Manila to Dingalan
Take a bus from Manila to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija. Once there, find the terminal for the Dingalan-bound buses and take a Danilo Express bus bound for Dingalan. A jeepney is also an option. On the return trip to Manila, take the Danilo Express. There are only two bus trips to and from Dingalan in a day, once in the morning and once in the afternoon.

Sea Transportation

To get around Aurora by sea, passenger boats depart from Duungan, located in a river leading to Baler Bay and Baler Poblacion. The boats are docked along the banks, just adjacent to a bridge connecting the Poblacion and Barangay Sabang. Trips to Dipaculao, Dinalungan, Casiguran and Dilasag are available.

Trips to the south of Baler are possible only by renting bancas. Such boat rides are only available when the seas are fairly calm, to avoid endangering travelers.

No commercial passenger boats are available in Dingalan. Renting a boat is necessary to reach other coastal areas.

Air Transportation

SEAIR has 8:00 AM flights from Manila to Baler every Friday and Monday. SEAIR then flies back from Baler to Manila at 9:30 AM.

SEAir planes will actually land on an airfield in San Luis, which is currently maintained and manned by the Philippine Army. It can accommodate light chartered aircraft such as Cessnas, Fokkers, Islanders, Sunrisers and other light planes and helicopters. A flight from Manila takes about 45 minutes. The airfield is only about 20 minutes away by land to Baler.

Another private airstrip is located in Motyong, Casiguran. This is currently used by logging concessionaires.

 

CLARK DISCOVERY QUEST
Dec 9, 2007
Clark Economic Zone
Angeles City, Pampanga

Patterned after the very popular �Action Asia Challenge� and set inside the
challenging and unique terrain of Clark Airbase, the race has teams racing
non-stop for 5-7 hours.
The race shall have a maximum of 8 hours to complete and it shall be done by
teams of two and solo racers. The physically and mentally demanding course
covers a distance of approximately 60 km and involves different sporting events:
running, mountain biking, trekking, rope skills, land navigation and surprise
challenges.

Category:
All Male
Mixed
Solo
Registration Fee:
Regular Registration: Oct. 1-Nov. 23
Team: P1000.00
Solo: P500.00

Late Registration: Nov. 23- Dec. 2
Team: P1500.00
Solo: P750.00

Onsite Registration:
Team: P2000.00
Solo: P1000.00

Prizes:

All Male 1st Place: 10,000.00
2nd Place: 6,000.00
3rd Place: 4,000.00

Mixed 1st Place: 10,000.00
2nd Place: 6,000.00
3rd Place: 4,000.00

Solo 1st Place: 5,000.00
2nd Place: 3,000.00
3rd Place: 2,000.00

REGISTRATION:
1. Pls. deposit your registration fees at this bank account:
Anna Marissa Remigio, SA 6716-0698-24, BPI family bank
2. E-mail your copy of deposit slip and registration form or mail it at # 42 Don
Carlos St., Don Antonio Hts., Commonwealth Ave. QC. 1121

For Inquiries please contact:

Thumbie Remigio
0916-3858322
02-9329071
thumbieremigio@…

MANDATORY EQUIPMENT
The following equipment is mandatory and must be carried / properly used by
each team member at all times between the start and finish line of each race
segment.
At all Times:
· Waterproof map case / Zip locks
· Hydration system
· Basic first aid
· Head lamp with extra battery
· Whistle
· Pocket knife
· 1 cellphone (to be used in case of emergency)

Additional during mountain Biking:
· 2 Mountain Bikes
· Individual helmets
· Spare tubes, pump, brake pads, bike tools, patch kit, extra brake and gear
cable
· 2 tail lights
· Gloves (optional)

Additional during swimming or river trekking · Individual Life jackets
· Individual helmets
Additional during rope sections:
Individual helmets
Individual harnesses (uiaa approved)
2 descenders (8 ring)
4 non locking carabiners
2 locking carabiners
4 slings (will be used as cows tails, at least 120 mm in length)
Gloves
RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT

Light weight jacket or poncho
Sun screen
Cap/Hat
Long sleeve shirt and pants
PRE-RACE BRIEFING
All teams are required to attend the pre-race briefing that will take place
the evening before the race starts. This briefing will take place at 7pm on
December 8, 2007. The venue will be announced as soon we finalized arrangements
with our sponsors

SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES

December 8, 2007

Team registration, race briefing and equipment check
Opening ceremony
December 9, 2007

Race starts at 6am
Awarding ceremony

Thumbie Remigio
(+63916) 3858322 (mobile)
(+632) 9329071 (residence)
(+632) 7277516 (telefax)
_____________________

learn more…. 

from karerista 

CLARK DISCOVERY QUEST
Dec 9, 2007
Clark Economic Zone
Angeles City, Pampanga

Patterned after the very popular �Action Asia Challenge� and set inside the
challenging and unique terrain of Clark Airbase, the race has teams racing
non-stop for 5-7 hours.
The race shall have a maximum of 8 hours to complete and it shall be done by
teams of two and solo racers. The physically and mentally demanding course
covers a distance of approximately 60 km and involves different sporting events:
running, mountain biking, trekking, rope skills, land navigation and surprise
challenges.

Category:
All Male
Mixed
Solo
Registration Fee:
Regular Registration: Oct. 1-Nov. 23
Team: P1000.00
Solo: P500.00

Late Registration: Nov. 23- Dec. 2
Team: P1500.00
Solo: P750.00

Onsite Registration:
Team: P2000.00
Solo: P1000.00

Prizes:

All Male 1st Place: 10,000.00
2nd Place: 6,000.00
3rd Place: 4,000.00

Mixed 1st Place: 10,000.00
2nd Place: 6,000.00
3rd Place: 4,000.00

Solo 1st Place: 5,000.00
2nd Place: 3,000.00
3rd Place: 2,000.00

REGISTRATION:
1. Pls. deposit your registration fees at this bank account:
Anna Marissa Remigio, SA 6716-0698-24, BPI family bank
2. E-mail your copy of deposit slip and registration form or mail it at # 42 Don
Carlos St., Don Antonio Hts., Commonwealth Ave. QC. 1121

For Inquiries please contact:

Thumbie Remigio
0916-3858322
02-9329071
thumbieremigio@…

MANDATORY EQUIPMENT
The following equipment is mandatory and must be carried / properly used by
each team member at all times between the start and finish line of each race
segment.
At all Times:
· Waterproof map case / Zip locks
· Hydration system
· Basic first aid
· Head lamp with extra battery
· Whistle
· Pocket knife
· 1 cellphone (to be used in case of emergency)

Additional during mountain Biking:
· 2 Mountain Bikes
· Individual helmets
· Spare tubes, pump, brake pads, bike tools, patch kit, extra brake and gear
cable
· 2 tail lights
· Gloves (optional)

Additional during swimming or river trekking · Individual Life jackets
· Individual helmets
Additional during rope sections:
Individual helmets
Individual harnesses (uiaa approved)
2 descenders (8 ring)
4 non locking carabiners
2 locking carabiners
4 slings (will be used as cows tails, at least 120 mm in length)
Gloves
RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT

Light weight jacket or poncho
Sun screen
Cap/Hat
Long sleeve shirt and pants
PRE-RACE BRIEFING
All teams are required to attend the pre-race briefing that will take place
the evening before the race starts. This briefing will take place at 7pm on
December 8, 2007. The venue will be announced as soon we finalized arrangements
with our sponsors

SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES

December 8, 2007

Team registration, race briefing and equipment check
Opening ceremony
December 9, 2007

Race starts at 6am
Awarding ceremony

Thumbie Remigio
(+63916) 3858322 (mobile)
(+632) 9329071 (residence)
(+632) 7277516 (telefax)
_____________________

learn more…. 

from karerista 

• THE QUIET MOUNTAINS: A Ten-Year Search for the Last Wild Trout of Mexico’s Sierra Madre Occidental.

  Science News, 8/6/2005, Vol. 168 Issue 6, p95-95
  Reviews the book "The Quiet Mountains: A Ten-Year Search for the Last Wild Trout of Mexico’s Sierra Madre Occidental," by Rex Johnson Jr. Reading Level (Lexile): 920;

• Ghosts of the Sierra Madre.

  By: Glover, Adrien. Arthur Frommer’s Budget Travel, Nov2005, Vol. 8 Issue 9, p50-56
  This article focuses on the way of life in the town of Real de Catorce, Mexico. The area is home to 1,500 residents who celebrate the confusion of cultures. Tourists seeking adventure and mysticism have been slowly turning up. The Huichol believe that the altered state gained by eating peyote helps them commune with Kauyumari, the dancing deer deity who ensures that pilgrims on peyote do not experience thirst, hunger or fear. Reading Level (Lexile): 1030;

• 25 Reasons We Love Oaxaca.

  By: Kuntz, Laurie. Arthur Frommer’s Budget Travel, May2006, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p74-81
  The article presents a travel guide to Oaxaca, Mexico. The ceiling of the 16th-century Santo Domingo church is covered with hundreds of plaster figures outlining the family tree of Domingo de Guzmán, founder of the Dominican order. Many of the city’s old colonial villas have been beautifully restored and turned into boutique hotels. Originally built as a convent in 1576 by Dominican monks, Camino Real has served as a government office, a jail and a school over the years before it became a hotel. Reading Level (Lexile): 1260;

• The Real Deals Right Now.

  Arthur Frommer’s Budget Travel, Oct2006, Vol. 9 Issue 8, p82-95
  The article presents a travel guide to various tourists spots in different countries. Details regarding prices, hotel accommodations, package deals and contact details are included. Among the locations included are Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Honolulu, Hawaii and San Francisco, California in the U.S., Cancún and Puerto Vallarta in Mexico, Aruba and the Dominican Republic in the Carribean. Reading Level (Lexile): 800;

• AUDIO.

  Stage Directions, Aug2004, Vol. 17 Issue 8, p13-25
  Presents a directory of audio companies related to theater production and direction. Acoustic Dimensions; Adamson Systems Engineering; Advanced Lighting & Sound Solutions; Alpha Sound & Lighting.;

• SPECIAL EFFECTS.

  Stage Directions, Aug2004, Vol. 17 Issue 8, p150-157
  Presents a directory of special effects companies for theater productions. All Pro Sound; Associated Theatrical Contractors; Auro Technologies Inc.; Backstage LLC; California Stage & Lighting Inc

   

  unique and threatened biodiversity The patchwork of isolated islands, the tropical location of the country, and the once extensive areas of rainforest have resulted in high species diversity in some groups of organisms and a very high level of endemism. There are five major and at least five minor centers of endemism, ranging in size from Luzon, the largest island (103,000 km²), which, for example, has at least 31 endemic species of mammals, to tiny Camiguin Island (265 km²) speck of land north of Mindanao, which has at least two species of endemic mammals. The Philippines has among the highest rates of discovery in the world with sixteen new species of mammals discovered in the last ten years. Because of this, the rate of endemism for the Philippines has risen and likely will continue to rise. Plants At the very least, one-third of the more than 9,250 vascular plant species native to the Philippines are endemic. Plant endemism in the hotspot is mostly concentrated at the species level; there are no endemic plant families and 26 endemic genera. Gingers, begonias, gesneriads, orchids, pandans, palms, and dipterocarps are particularly high in endemic species. For example, there are more than 150 species of palms in the hotspot, and around two-thirds of these are found nowhere else in the world. Of the 1,000 species of orchids found in the Philippines, 70 percent are restricted to the hotspot. The broad lowland and hill rain forests of the Philippines, which are mostly gone today, were dominated by at least 45 species of dipterocarps. These massive trees were the primary canopy trees from sea level to 1,000 meters. Other important tree species here include giant figs ( Ficus spp.), which provide food for fruit bats, parrots, and monkeys, and Pterocarpus indicus, like the dipterocarps, is valued for its timber. Vertebrates Birds
  There are over 530 bird species found in the Philippines hotspot; about 185 of these are endemic (35 percent) and over 60 are threatened. BirdLife International has identified seven Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) in this hotspot: Mindoro, Luzon, Negros and Panay, Cebu, Mindanao and the Eastern Visayas, the Sulu archipelago, and Palawan. Like other taxa, birds exhibit a strong pattern of regional endemism. Each EBA supports a selection of birds not found elsewhere in the hotspot. The hotspot also has a single endemic bird family, the Rhabdornithidae, represented by the Philippine creepers ( Rhabdornis spp.). In May 2004, a possibly new species of rail Gallirallus was observed on Calayan island in the Babuyan islands, northern Philippines. It is apparently most closely related to the Okinawa rail ( Gallirallus okinawae) from the Ryukyu islands, Japan. Perhaps the best-known bird species in the Philippines is the Philippine eagle ( Pithecophaga jefferyi, CR), the second-largest eagle in the world. The Philippine eagle breeds only in primary lowland rain forest. Habitat destruction has extirpated the eagle everywhere except on the islands of Luzon, Mindanao and Samar, where the only large tracts of lowland rain forest remain. Today, the total population is estimated at less than 700 individuals. Captive breeding programs have been largely unsuccessful; habitat protection is the eagle’s only hope for survival. Among the hotspot’s other threatened endemic species are the Negros bleeding heart ( Gallicolumba keayi, CR), Visayan wrinkled hornbill ( Aceros waldeni, CR), Scarlet-collared flowerpecker ( Dicaeum retrocinctum, VU), Cebu flowerpecker ( Dicaeum quadricolor, CR), and Philippine cockatoo ( Cacatua haematuropygia, CR). Mammals
  At least 165 mammal species are found in the Philippine hotspot, and over 100 of these are endemic (61 percent), one of the highest levels of mammal endemism in any hotspot. Endemism is high at the generic level as well, with 23 of 83 genera endemic to the hotspot. Rodent diversification in the Philippines is comparable with the radiation of honeycreepers in the Hawaiian Islands and finches in the Galapagos. The largest and most impressive of the mammals in the Philippines is the tamaraw ( Bubalus mindorensis, CR), a dwarf water buffalo that lives only on Mindoro Island. A century ago the population numbered 10,000 individuals; today only a few hundred animals exist in the wild. Other mammals endemic to the Philippines include: the Visayan and Philippine warty pigs ( Sus cebifrons, CR and S. philippensis, VU); the Calamianes hog-deer ( Axis calamaniensis, EN) and the Visayan spotted deer ( Rusa alfredi, EN), which has been reduced to a population of a few hundred on the islands of Negros, Masbate and Panay; and the golden-capped fruit bat ( Acerodon jubatus, EN), which, as the world’s largest bat, has a wingspan up to 1.7 meters. The Negros naked-backed fruit bat ( Dobsonia chapmani), which was thought to be extinct in the Philippines, has recently been rediscovered, on the islands of Cebu in 2000 and Negros in 2003. Reptiles
  Reptiles are represented by about 235 species, some 160 of which are endemic (68 percent). Six genera are endemic, including the snake genus Myersophis, which is represented by a single species, Myersophis alpestris, on Luzon. The Philippine flying lizards from the genus Draco are well represented here, with about 10 species. These lizards have a flap of skin on either side of their body, which they use to glide from trees to the ground. An endemic freshwater crocodile ( Crocodylus mindorensis, CR) is considered the most threatened crocodilian in the world. In 1982, wild populations totaled only 500-1000 individuals; by 1995 a mere 100 crocodiles remained in natural habitats. The recent discovery of a population of this species in the Sierra Madre of Luzon brings new hope for its conservation, as does the implementation of projects aimed at raising awareness and protecting the crocodile’s habitat. The Crocodile Rehabilitation, Observance and Conservation (CROC) Project of the Mabuwaya Foundation is active in carrying out such projects. Other unique and threatened reptiles include Gray’s monitor ( Varanus olivaceus, VU) and the Philippine pond turtle ( Heosemys leytensis, CR). A newly discovered monitor lizard, Varanus mabitang, from Panay is only the second monitor species known in the world to specialize on a fruit diet. Amphibians
  There are nearly 90 amphibian species in the hotspot, almost 85 percent of which are endemic; these totals continue to increase, with the continuing discovery and description of new species. One interesting amphibian, the panther flying frog ( Rhacophorus pardalis), has special adaptations for gliding, including extra flaps of skin and webbing between fingers and toes to generate lift during glides. The frog glides down from trees to breed in plants suspended above stagnant bodies of water. The frog genus Platymantis is particularly well represented with some 26 species, all of which are endemic; of these, 22 are considered threatened. The young of all Platymantis species undergo direct development, bypassing the tadpole stage. The hotspot is also home to the Philippine flat-headed frog ( Barbourula busuangensis, VU), one of the world’s most primitive frog species. Freshwater Fishes
  The Philippines has more than 280 inland fish, including nine endemic genera and more than 65 endemic species, many of which are confined to single lakes. An example is Sardinella tawilis, a freshwater sardine found only in Taal Lake. Sadly, Lake Lanao, in Mindanao, seems likely to have become the site of one of the hotspot’s worst extinction catastrophes, with nearly all of the lake’s endemic fish species now almost certainly extinct, primarily due to the introduction of exotic species (like Tilapia). Invertebrates About 70 percent of the Philippines’ nearly 21,000 recorded insect species are found only in this hotspot. About one-third of the 915 butterflies found here are endemic to the Philippines, and over 110 of the more than 130 species of tiger beetle are found nowhere else.

   

  from biodiversityhotspots 

Three climbers atop one pillar with a view of Pico de Loro in the distance

ITENERARY:

1st day:
0630-0730: Assembly at Trece Martirez, Cavite, 711(near the public
mark t)Reg, last minute buying of provision/arrange transpo.

0830-0900: ETD to jump off point

1030-1100: ETA jump off/courtesy call PNP headquarters/bgy.hall/reg,
arrange guide, briefing/orrientation

1130-1230: Start Trek
(for better trail management, we will divide the participant, lead,
mid and tail group)

1230-1330: Lunch at mangahanriver/ packlunch

1330-1600: Resume trek

1600-1730: Last Water Source

1730-1800: Summit

1800-1930: Set camp/ prepare dinner

1930-2000: Dinner

2000-2400: Sosyalan na! Welcome address to the participants,
activities, raffle…

2400: lights out

2nd day:

0530-0730: wake up call/breakfast

0800-0900: break camp/ descenttowards silyang bato/ picture taking

1000-1200: start descent

1200-1300: Lunch/ mangahan river (pwd maligo sa ilog)

1300-1400: Resume Trek

1400-1500: trail head/wash up

1500 : uwian na! pre arranged transpo to trece martirez cavite

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Note: trail to Mt. Marami is exposed and the is unforgiving, so bring
enough heat protection like umbrella, sun visor, sunblock